Why is it that my just 10 URLs among 46 that I submitted to google ...

Why is it that my just 10 URLs among 46 that I submitted to google through sitemap have been indexed in Google?
How many days could it take for the whole sitemap to be indexed?

Sitemap is just a hint for google's crawler. If you want to get indexed fast try getting some links, especially deep links.

How am I supposed to do that? I mean what actually are deep links and how do I get them. I post some backlinks to my site frequently from sites like stumbleupon, del.icio.us, twitter and digg. What are other methods I can get links to my site?

Deep links are links that are hard to reach (they are far from the home page of your site)

Links from delicious and such services can help, but what you really need is links from relevant web sites.

also get local search engine sudmit tools and also try to be on some forum revelance to your website also
antonis vourtsi seo expert from Greece

To index your link faster you can take help of other resources, you may utilize resources like facebook, digg and stumble upon.....

Not only do you need to wait, you also need to build links. Getting links from existing sites especially those with high authority will help you to get indexed fast.

Nikolas has it right.

SEO takes patience and persistence. Think of it like a science. Log your activities and watch your rankings.

Sitemap can not assure you that all your pages can be indexed. Besides, it is always like telling google that your site is new. And google doesn't pay much attention to new site. So you'd better try to build more quality links for your site.

its depend on you bcz if you do more submission for sitemap so you can get fast crawl otherwise not